睡眠呼吸暂停

很多人都患有睡眠呼吸暂停症,但可能自己都不知道。重要的是要识别一些常见症状(如打鼾),并找出您可能会感到如此疲倦的原因。好消息是,即使您确实患有睡眠呼吸暂停症,您肯定并不孤单——您可以采取一些措施来解决这个问题。

什么是睡眠呼吸暂停,有哪些症状?

什么是睡眠呼吸暂停? “Apnea”字面意思是“没有呼吸”或“停止呼吸”。

许多人患有睡眠呼吸暂停症(也称为睡眠呼吸暂停症),但他们可能自己都不知道。事实上,睡眠呼吸暂停影响超过十分之三的男性和近十分之二的女性,因此它比您想象的更常见 (1)。如果您认为自己可能患有睡眠呼吸暂停症,重要的是要识别一些常见症状以及您可以采取的应对措施。

睡眠呼吸暂停的常见症状

您的伴侣通常会观察到睡眠呼吸暂停的第一个也是最常见的迹象:打鼾。除了打鼾之外,他们还可能会告诉您,您在睡觉时会发出喘息或窒息的声音。您可能还会注意到其他一些症状,例如:(2,3)

  • 持续疲倦
  • 注意力不集中
  • 早晨头痛
  • 情绪低落
  • 盗汗
  • 体重增加
  • 能源短缺
  • 健忘
  • 性功能障碍
  • 夜尿频

请记住,这些症状可能并不总是与睡眠呼吸暂停有关,因此请与您的医生讨论您可能有的任何疑虑,以确保做出准确的诊断。

什么是睡眠呼吸暂停?

当您出现睡眠呼吸暂停时,空气会停止流向您的肺部 10 秒或更长时间——也就是说,您实际上停止了呼吸。

感觉到你已经停止呼吸,你大脑中的一个控制中心会触发你醒来,刚好可以呼吸。然后你又睡着了,循环又开始了。在某些人中,这种情况每小时可能发生 30 多次,即使您可能不记得醒来 (4)。

正如您想象的那样,不断地被触发重新呼吸,一小时又一小时,一夜又一夜,会给您的身体带来压力。

您可能日复一日地感到非常疲倦,却没有意识到由于睡眠呼吸暂停,您已经在晚上醒来了很多次。

如果我怀疑有问题怎么办?

如果您已尝试改善睡眠,但仍然打鼾或醒来时感到疲倦,那么该去看医生了。 “如果有人告诉您打鼾,而且很多时候都感到疲倦和无精打采,请花时间与您的医生讨论这个问题。重新燃起的生活热情和愉悦的活力,或许就是对你的回报。” – Carmel Harrington 博士,睡眠顾问

睡眠呼吸暂停的类型

睡眠呼吸暂停主要分为三种类型:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA)、中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停 (CSA) 和混合性睡眠呼吸暂停。

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA)

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停是最常见的睡眠呼吸暂停类型,占睡眠呼吸暂停诊断的 84%。 5

在大多数阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的病例中,由于上呼吸道(即鼻子或喉咙)阻塞(或堵塞),空气停止流向肺部。

由于以下原因,上呼吸道可能会阻塞:

  • 睡眠期间气道周围的肌肉过度放松,从而阻止足够的空气通过。这条狭窄的气道会导致您的喉咙振动,从而产生打鼾声。
  • 脖子的重量使气道变窄
  • 扁桃体发炎,或其他临时原因
  • 结构原因,比如鼻子、脖子或下巴的形状

中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停 (CSA)

中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停 (CSA) 是一种不太常见的睡眠呼吸暂停类型 (5)。

在某些情况下,气道实际上是开放的,但空气停止流向肺部,因为没有努力呼吸。这是因为大脑和身体之间的交流受到了影响,呼吸的自动动作停止了。 CSA 患者不常打鼾,因此这种情况有时会被忽视。

混合性睡眠呼吸暂停

这是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 OSA(上呼吸道阻塞或阻塞)和 CSA(无法呼吸)的混合体。如果需要,您的医生可以帮助您了解更多相关信息。

如果您担心自己可能患有任何类型的睡眠呼吸暂停,请咨询您的医生。

睡眠呼吸暂停治疗

认真对待睡眠呼吸暂停很重要。

但好消息是它有治疗方法,大多数人都从接受治疗中获得了一系列好处:

  • 通过治疗睡眠呼吸暂停,您可能有助于降低相关风险并改善您的整体健康状况 (6)
  • 在许多情况下,治疗已被证明可以减轻睡眠呼吸暂停的症状,例如白天嗜睡、情绪低落、记忆力和注意力下降以及生活质量下降(尤其是在工作表现和家庭关系方面)(7)
  • 未经治疗的睡眠呼吸暂停还与头晕、呼吸急促和胸部不适等症状相关,当您的睡眠呼吸暂停得到治疗时,这些症状可能会减轻 (8,9)
  • 患有睡眠呼吸暂停症的人可能会变得太累而无法运动,从而使他们的一些潜在疾病变得更糟。因睡眠呼吸暂停而接受治疗的肥胖者会获得更多能量,这可能有助于他们锻炼和减肥 (10)。减肥已被证明可以改善某些人的睡眠呼吸暂停 (11)。

接下来是什么?

如果您怀疑自己可能患有睡眠呼吸暂停症,那么您只需几步就能睡个好觉,并再次感觉像自己一样。去看医生或先做一个简单的测验,看看您是否有风险。

向我们询问有关睡眠研究和治疗方案的信息,以了解更多信息。

参考

1. Peppard PE 等人。成人睡眠呼吸障碍的患病率增加。我是流行病学杂志。 2013 (5.17)

2. Palnitkar G 等人。成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停:识别危险因素和定制治疗。今日医学 2012, 13(8):14-23

3. Wong SH, Ng BY。回顾睡眠障碍病房慢性失眠患者的睡眠研究。新加坡医学杂志,2015 年 6 月;56(6):317-23。

4. Harrington, C. 睡个好觉的完整指南。潘麦克米伦澳大利亚 2014。

5. Morgenthaler TI 等人。复杂的睡眠呼吸暂停综合征:它是一种独特的临床综合征吗?睡眠 2006;29(9):1203-9。

6. Babu AR 等人。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停中的 2 型糖尿病、血糖控制和持续气道正压通气。 2005 年 Arch Intern Med; 165:447-452。

7. Engleman HM,新泽西州道格拉斯。睡觉。图 4:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征的嗜睡、认知功能和生活质量。胸部。 2004年7月; 59(7):618-22。

8. Wolk R 等人。睡眠呼吸障碍和心血管疾病。流通 2003; 108: 9-12..

9. Buchner NJ 等人。持续气道正压通气治疗轻度至中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停可降低心血管风险。 Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176(12):1274-1280。

10. Lianne M 等人。持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者疲劳和嗜睡的影响:来自随机对照试验的数据。睡觉。 2011年1月1日;

11. Romero-Corral A 等人。肥胖与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停之间的相互作用:对治疗的影响。胸部。 2010年3月; 137(3):711-9。

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FAQs

Sleep apnoea, or "apnoea," means "no breath" and involves frequent pauses in breathing during sleep. Symptoms include loud snoring, gasping or choking sounds, constant tiredness, poor concentration, and more. For a full list of symptoms, please consult your doctor.

If you suspect you have sleep apnea, consult your doctor. Persistent snoring and daytime sleepiness could be signs of sleep apnea, and discussing these symptoms with your doctor is the first step toward treatment.

There are three main types: obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), central sleep apnoea (CSA), and mixed sleep apnoea. OSA is the most common, caused by a blockage in the upper airway. CSA involves a failure to breathe due to brain signals not reaching the respiratory muscles. Mixed sleep apnoea is a combination of both.

Treatment can improve symptoms and reduce associated risks. Options include CPAP therapy and lifestyle changes. Most people find significant benefits from proper treatment, including better sleep quality and increased energy.

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